Students should be able to understand and explain the main theories of Essay

Students should be able to understand and explain the main theories of organizational management and leadership and their application - Essay ExampleManagement comprised of the following functions viz. planning, organising, directing, staffing, co-ordinating, reporting and budgeting (Thenmozhi, n.d.).The X-Y theory was first conceptualised by Douglas McGregor, an Ameri stand social psychologist, in the year of 1960. It refers the statutory and unprejudiced rules of managing people. There are two theories X and Y. In X theory, the nature of the persons are lazy. Mostly they loathe fake and try to avoid it therefore most of the employees are subject to negative reinforcement and jeopardise by it. Such persons avoid responsibility and prefer to be directed. The exactly opposite picture can be shown in Theory Y. Here, people accept and seek responsibility. To achieve the organisational objective people ordinarily apply self control and direction. Even, they are also rewarded for t heir commitment (Business Ball, n.d.).William Ouchi had developed Z theory in 1981. Basically this theory is referred to as Japanese management style. This theory advocates the combination of theory Y along with the modern Japanese management. It indicates a large amount of freedom and trust with worker and it has been assumed that workers subscribe to a strong interest and loyalty (Business Ball, n.d.).A series of studies had been conducted at the Western Electronic hawthorn Works from 1927 to 1932. Here, the professor Elton Mayo had experienced the impact of work conditions in the employees productivity. He had started this through examining the environmental and physical influence of the work place and then he moved towards the psychological aspects and its impact on the employee motivation. The outcome of the study exhibits that the employee productivity is fuelled by the psychological stimulus.It can be applied in the functional life also. Suppose, a management trainee has jo ined in an organisation and the management provide him training, separate work code etc. Thus, silently the