marx Essay -- essays research papers

     Marxism is a philosophical system developed by Marx and Friedrich Engels. The possibility is also known as dialectical materialism, under which matter gives rise to mind. dialectical materialism is based on social and political institutions progressively changing their nature as economic developments transform material conditions. This is the basis for communism. The reverse theory would be capitalism. While communism in some forms can be traced to various utopian ideas, the theoretical basis for the communist countries is from Karl Marx, an impoverished German, and his colleague Friedrich Engels.     Marx believed that each(prenominal) the evil in the world could be attributed to a class struggle between the "haves," the wealthy, who controlled the means of harvest-feastion and the "have nons," the workers, who actually did the laboring. Marx saw great and greater wealth being concentrated in the hands of fewer and f ewer, while the masses, the workers, were being deprived of the rightful fruits of their labors. Marx envisioned a world union of the works Classes, where the proletariat would arise and overthrow the bosses. Then, with the workers controlling everything, everyone would work to the limits of his (or her) abilities, and everyone would receive all he or she needed.     Marx envisioned this taking place first in the exceedingly industrialized countries of Germany and England, not in largely rural and illiterate Russia. Lenins contribution to Marxist theory was the concept of the weakest link that Russia, as the weak link in the chain of industrialized countries, should be the first to overthrow the bourgeois and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat. As we can see in recent years, things did not go according to his plan.Marxs economic theories were complicated and mostly very wrong. Central to his conception of economics was the labor theory of value. Accordi ng to this theory, the amount a product was worth depended on how much labor was put into it. In reality, a product is worth how much you can sell it for. Marx thought that capitalists, the people who have the means of production, would constantly push to get more and more labor out of workers, the people who comprised the proletariat, so they could get more and more profits.     ... ...rx envisioned, there would not be the need to invest hard work and risks for greater returns. Without motivation and hard work, Utopia is only a dream, and living standards will probably seek the utmost level of subsistence. This has proven true in most all such experiments with communism.     Even the lowest level in a good capitalist rescript gains advantages as the standard of living rises. The rising tide raises all boats. Some boats may not be as grand as new(prenominal)s but are adequate for those who apply their talents and energy. In the Marxist s ocial model, there is a trend toward mediocrity at best and mere survival at worst. aspiration and striving seem to gravitate toward the best of all worlds even for the least of us. We can, in effect, enjoy the fruits of the efforts of others and aid their ascension while enjoying these benefits.      Utopia is a situation of kafkaesque expectations where there is not a drive to excel and compete. A pie that is small and divided evenly is still a small piece of pie. On the other hand, a larger and more magnificent pie has the potential of satisfying needs although the wedge is narrower.